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Government reports


Recent reports carried out by governments in Europe and the United States have investigated the safety and appropriateness of LED as a lighting source.

Scrutiny of this fast emerging technology has revealed some doubts as to its suitability in lighting the public realm.

union jack flag and iconic Big Ben at the palace of Westminster, London

House of Lords light and noise inquiry, 2023

In 2023 House of Lords Science and Technology Committee called for evidence in a new inquiry into the impact of artificial light and noise on human health.

Irish Parliament, 2023

The report from the Joint Committee on Disability Matters focuses on aligning services in Ireland with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

The French Government (ANSES) Report, 2019

Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety on the effects on human health and the environment (fauna and flora) of systems using light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

The EU Green Public Procurement Criteria, 2019

The guidance on street lighting states that “in order to reduce the risk of human annoyance, the CCT of light sources shall be ≤3000K and a dimming or switch-off programme shall be implemented.”

The EU SCHEER report on LED, 2018

The EU’s Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER), assessed the potential risks to human health of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The report makes clear the potential adverse health effects of blue light.

American Medical Association, 2016

The report on LED outdoor lighting draws on an increasing body of scientific evidence that links exposure to blue-rich light at night to increased risks for cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

England’s Chief Medical Officer Annual Report, 2017

“At the extreme, the LEDs switch on and off 100 times per second. Some people seem to be very sensitive to this light modulation, resulting in headaches, migraine and less specific feelings of malaise.”

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